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There has been a great deal of controversy over graffiti since it became a popular form of expression, and the main question within this controversy is whether graffiti is art or merely vandalism. Graffiti can come in the form of giant murals, small pictures, stickers and stencil art, as well as crude tags and obscene images. Many municipalities have put a great deal of effort into controlling graffiti and punishing its perpetrators. Some public transportation systems have a number that passengers can call to report graffiti in progress, for example. While some pieces of graffiti seem to offer no value except to their creators, other pieces seem to offer beauty and transcendence above a harsh and often ugly inner-city world. So, is graffiti art?
The Case for Graffiti as Art
Many successful modern artists started out as graffiti artists, such as Shepard Fairey, the artist and skateboarder responsible for the Obama campaign's "Hope" poster. Fairey got his start pasting homemade stickers featuring an image of Andre the Giant all over public spaces. Other graffiti artists have chosen to remain anonymous, such as the world-famous English artist Banksy, who has managed to avoid revealing his name and face while becoming arguably the best-known creator of graffiti in the world. There is a whole culture of artists who work exclusively in the graffiti medium, creating bright, colorful, beautiful and often socially conscious pieces of art on buildings, trains and other public spaces.
From a purely objective perspective, one can say that graffiti is painting, and painting is art; thus, graffiti is art. It simply uses a different medium than the traditional canvas. A tag, in which a person simply spray paints his or her name or the name of a gang somewhere, is probably not considered art by these standards. It would be more comparable to a person placing one brush-stroke of paint on a canvas and calling it art. A beautiful mural using multiple colors, shading techniques and vivid images taking up an entire wall of a building, on the other hand, could easily be called art.
The Case Against Graffiti
In the United States, people can be arrested, fined and even imprisoned for creating graffiti, because it is considered vandalism. There are graffiti hotlines and rewards for citizens who report graffiti, and warrants issued for its creators. Many businesses see it as pure vandalism. It seems there will always be controversy surrounding graffiti.
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